Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a fertility treatment in which specially prepared sperm — washed and concentrated to select the most motile sperm — is inserted directly into the uterus using a thin plastic catheter. The procedure is done on an outpatient basis and does not require anesthesia.

When Is IUI Recommended?

IUI using partner or donor sperm may be recommended in the following cases:

• Unexplained infertility;
• Mild male factor infertility (slightly reduced sperm quality);
• Sexual difficulties (e.g., erectile dysfunction, vaginismus).

IUI With or Without Ovulation Stimulation

IUI can be performed during a natural menstrual cycle or alongside ovulation induction using medications such as clomiphene citrate or gonadotropins. Ovulation stimulation encourages the development of 2–3 follicles, increasing the chance of pregnancy.

Note: Ovulation stimulation slightly increases the risk of multiple pregnancies (e.g., twins or triplets).

Cycle Monitoring and Timing

To determine the optimal time for IUI, ultrasound monitoring of follicle development begins around day 8–9 of the cycle. When the leading follicle reaches 17–18 mm, an HCG injection is administered to trigger ovulation. The insemination is typically performed 12–40 hours later, during the peri-ovulatory window.

Depending on the response of the ovaries, 1 to 3 inseminations may be performed in a single treatment cycle.

The Procedure

• Prepared sperm is loaded into a syringe connected to a thin catheter.
• Seminal fluid is removed to avoid uterine irritation and cramping.
• The doctor gently inserts the catheter through the cervix and slowly injects the sperm into the uterus.
• The procedure is quick, typically painless, and does not require anesthesia.

How Many Clinic Visits Are Needed?

You will usually need to visit the clinic 3–4 times during a treatment cycle:

• For ultrasound monitoring;
• For the HCG injection;
• For the IUI procedure(s).