Male infertility is responsible for approximately 50% of couples’ fertility issues. A comprehensive investigation of both partners is essential when planning a pregnancy. The semen analysis, or spermogram, is the primary laboratory test to assess a man’s fertility.

What Is a Semen Analysis?
A semen analysis examines:

• Volume and physical‑chemical properties of ejaculate
• Concentration, motility, and morphology of spermatozoa
• Signs of inflammation or immune‑related issues

Often, this analysis initiates at a reproductive specialist’s request, even if the initial focus is on the woman.

Preparation for the Test

To ensure accurate results:

• Abstain from ejaculation for 2 to 3 days
• Avoid alcohol, heat exposure (sauna, hot baths) for at least 3 days
• Do not take medications that affect sperm production without consulting the doctor
• Avoid the test shortly after illness or fever

The sample is obtained via masturbation in a private, sterile room—such as in “VITROMED” clinic.

Key Semen Parameters

1. Sperm Concentration

• Normal: ≥15 million sperm/ml (WHO, 2010)
• Oligozoospermia: <15 × 10⁶/ml
• Azoospermia: no spermatozoa detected

2. Sperm Motility

• Normal: ≥32% progressively motile
• Asthenozoospermia: reduced motility—may lower fertility chances

3. Sperm Morphology (Kruger’s strict criteria)

• Normal: ≥4% of sperm have normal shape
• Teratozoospermia: high number of abnormally shaped sperm
• “VITROMED” is the only clinic in Armenia offering Kruger’s strict morphology assessment.

4. White Blood Cells in Semen

• Normal: <1 million WBC/ml
• Elevated levels may indicate infection — leukoscreen and culture are advised

5. Physical‑Chemical Parameters

• Volume: ≥1.5 ml
• pH: 7.2–8.0
• Viscosity, liquefaction time (20–40 min), and color are also evaluated

Additional Diagnostics if Abnormal Results Occur

MAR‑test (Anti‑sperm Antibodies)

Detects immune‑related infertility.

• Normal: ≤40% of motile sperm bound by antibodies
• Positive results often lead to recommendation for IVF with ICSI

WHO advises including MAR-test in routine semen analysis. In Armenia, “VITROMED” is the only provider.

When to Repeat the Analysis

• Follow-up done 2–4 weeks after abnormal findings
• After infections, fever, or cessation of medications
• Ensures stability of parameters over time

Further Investigations for Couples with Abnormal Results

• STD Screening – via ELISA, PCR, semen culture
• Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS) – evaluates prostate, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts
• Vasography – assesses patency of sperm pathways
• Genetic Testing – karyotyping, Y‑chromosome microdeletions (AZF)
• Testicular Biopsy – examines tissue for sperm production, confirms azoo‑ or oligo‑spermia; allows cryopreservation for IVF/ICSI

Why Choose VITROMED

• Experienced team of andrologists and embryologists
• Cutting‑edge diagnostic techniques including Kruger’s morphology, MAR‑test, and testicular biopsy
• Full‑cycle assisted reproductive technologies (ART and IVF) under one roof

Take the First Step – Book an Appointment Today!

Early diagnosis of male infertility increases success rates for conception. Don’t wait—contact us now to schedule a consultation.